通过第三国运输货物以逃避关税

1. Intelligence and Risk Targeting
CBP uses sophisticated data systems (like the Automated Commercial Environment, or ACE) to analyze shipping data, patterns, and red flags.
If a product that is normally made in China suddenly starts arriving from, say, Malaysia in huge quantities, they’ll flag it for inspection.
2. Trade Agreements and Audits
They cooperate with foreign governments and conduct origin verification audits.
This means they can request documentation from foreign manufacturers and even visit factories to verify whether the goods were genuinely produced there.
3. Document Checks
Importers must provide certificates of origin, bills of lading, invoices, and manufacturing records.
If paperwork looks inconsistent (e.g., if production capacity in a country doesn’t match export volumes), it raises suspicion.
4. Physical Inspections
CBP can physically inspect goods to look for signs of transshipment.
Things like:
Labels applied hastily or poorly.
Packaging inconsistencies.
Manufacturing marks inconsistent with claimed origin.
5. Anti-Circumvention Investigations
CBP works with the Department of Commerce to investigate companies suspected of routing goods through third countries to evade duties.
If they catch a company, they can apply the same tariffs as if the goods came from the original country — even if they were relabeled.
6. Supply Chain Audits
Importers are held responsible for knowing their supply chain.
If an importer “should have known” about transshipment fraud, they can face heavy fines or criminal charges.
7. Whistleblowers & Trade Complaints
Competitors and whistleblowers can report suspicious activity. There’s even a legal avenue under the False Claims Act to incentivize this.
In Short:
No single method is foolproof, but by combining data analysis, audits, inspections, and cooperation with foreign customs, CBP builds a strong net to catch most attempts at falsifying country of origin.
1. 情报与风险定向
CBP使用复杂的数据系统（如自动化商业环境（ACE））来分析航运数据、模式和危险信号。
如果一个通常在中国制造的产品突然开始大量从马来西亚运来，他们会标记它以进行检查。
2. 贸易协定和审计
它们与外国政府合作，并进行原产地核查审计。
这意味着他们可以要求外国制造商提供文件，甚至访问工厂以验证商品是否真的在那里生产。
3. 文件检查
进口商必须提供原产地证书、提单、发票和制造记录。
如果文件看起来不一致（例如，如果一个国家的生产能力与出口量不匹配），就会引起怀疑。
4. 物理检查
CBP可以对货物进行实物检查，以寻找转运的迹象。
比如:
标签敷贴仓促或效果不佳。
包装不一致。
制造标志与声称的原产地不一致。
5. 反规避调查
CBP与商务部合作，调查涉嫌通过第三国运输物以逃避关税的公司。
如果他们抓到一家公司，他们可以适用与货物来自原产国相同的关税——即使它们重新贴上了标签。
6. 供应链审计
进口商有责任了解他们的供应链。
如果进口商“应该知道”转运欺诈，他们可能会面临巨额罚款或刑事指控。
7. 举报人和贸易投诉
竞争者和举报人可以举报可疑活动。根据《虚假索赔法》，甚至有一条法律途径来激励这种行为。
简而言之:
没有一种方法是万无一失的，但通过结合数据分析、审计、检查和与外国海关的合作，CBP建立了一个强大的网络，以抓住大多数伪造原产国企图。